Identificação de portadores de Staphylococcus enterotoxigênicos e avaliação da sensibilidade a antimicrobianos / Identification of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus carriers and antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation

This study identified Staphylococcus aureus carriers among students of nutrition course, evaluating the capacity of producing staphylococcal enterotoxins (VIDAS Kit) and also the antimicrobial susceptibility (Kirby-Bauer method) of the isolates. Among 173 students sampled, 62 (35.8%) were detected as carriers of S. aureus, being 38 (61.3%) in nostrils; nine (14.5%) on the hands, and 15 (24.2%) in both sites. The production of staphylococcal toxins was detected in 71.4% of the positive-coagulase pools and in 7.1% of the negative-coagulase pools. Even though considerable resistance had been observed with azithromycin (38%), erithromycin (36%), and tetracycline (14%); cephalothin, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and oxacillin were effective to inhibit the microorganism growth. The high score of healthy carriers was alarming; however, many of the isolated Staphylococcus showed sensitive to most of the antimicrobial tested. The production of toxins was also relevant, mainly by strains that the current Brazilian legislation consider harmless.

Purification of Salmonella stanley enterotoxin and its immunology and dermatotoxicity.

Isolation of an enterotoxic factor from cell-free-culture-supernatant of S. stanley was achieved to homogeneity using salt precipitation, dialysis and molecular seive chromatography through Sephadex G-100 and G-200 columns. The purified enterotoxic factor yielded a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, induced antibodies in the rabbit and showed single band on agar gel precipitation. It induced fluid accumulation in the rabbit ligated ileal loop (RLIL) and was neutralized by the homologous antiserum. Antigenically it was not related to cholera toxin but with enterotoxin of other Salmonella serotypes. It also exerted dermatotoxic effect in the rabbit skin causing marked central necrosis with peripheral erythema.

Inmunoensayo enzimático (ELISA) para la detección de enterotoxinas B y C de S. aureus en leche / Enzimatic inmunoessay for the detection of entrotoxins B and C of S. aureus in milk

Se utilizaron las cepas 243 y6 361 de S. aureus para la obtención de las enterotoxinas B y C. Se estandarizó la técnica inmunoenzimática cualitativa y cuantitativamente. Se contaminaron artificialmente leches y las enterotoxinas fueron determinadas del extracto demostrándose su presencia al nivel de nanogramos. Esta técnica inmunoenzimática ELISA implementada poor nosostros con las condiciones operativas de nuestro medio, resultó de fácil manejo, corto tiempo de elaboración, bajo costo y con una gran sensibilidad diagnóstica

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins B and C, were obtained from strains 243 and 361 respectively. An immunoenzimatic technique was standariced both quantitative and qualitativly. We were able to detect enterotoxin to nanogram level on extracts from artificially contaminated milk. This ELISA immunoenzimatic technique implemented by us under the operative conditions of our working environment, resulted to be easy to handle, consumes only a short time, has a low cost and great diagnostic sensitivity.

Intoxicaçäo alimentar pelo Clostridium perpringens / Clostridium perfringens food poisoning

A intoxicaçäo alimentar causada pelo Clostridium perfringens resulta da ingestäo de alimento contaminado com aproximadamente 10**6 a 10**7 formas vegetativas do microrganismo=g, subseqüente multiplicaçäo e esporulaçäo das formas vegetativas no lúmen do intestino delgado e produçäo e liberaçäo de enterotoxina que induz a passagem de líquido dos capilares sanguíneos para dentro da luz intestinal causando diarréia